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Articles
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Authors:
Bogdan
ANTOHE
, Marinela
RAȚĂ
, Gloria
RAȚĂ
Abstract:
Ankle sprain is the most common injury in performance sports. Two of the most common residual symptoms of an ankle sprain are: the occurrence of chronic joint instability and agonist-antagonist muscle imbalances, expressed numerically by the values of the muscle coactivation index. The purpose of the research was to demonstrate that the use of proprioceptive exercises leads to the improvement of the degree of chronic joint instability and of the values of the muscle coactivation index. The research had a number of 22 subjects, handball players, whose age was between 15 and 16 years. The degree of joint instability was established by using the "Foot and Ankle Disability Index" Questionnaire, while the values of the muscle coactivation index were calculated following the electromyographic measurements. The obtained results highlight the efficiency of the proposed proprioceptive exercise programme, the statistical significance of the obtained results (by improving the initial and final values), as well as the existence of correlations between all evaluated parameters (muscle coactivation index, number of ankle sprains and degree of joint instability). The conclusions of the research underline the efficiency of proprioceptive exercises in diminishing the degree of chronic joint instability and in improving the values of the muscle coactivation index. Based on the results obtained, the research acquires an important practical value, because the proposed intervention programme has applicability in all sports sectors.
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Authors:
Camelia
BRANET
, Carmen
GRIGOROIU
, Mihaela
NETOLITZCHI
, Teodora
WESSELLY
Abstract:
In athletics, strength plays a special role, given that its development is focused on improving the speed of movement. The main form of expressing strength in athletics is speed-strength (explosive strength, take-off), which is representative for sprinting, jumping and throwing. Specialised studies have revealed that one of the most effective training methods used to develop explosive strength, also called explosive power, is the training based on plyometric exercises, but studies regarding the use of this method for the prepubertal age segment in athletic training are scarce. The purpose of this research is to investigate the degree of improvement in explosive strength in preadolescent athletes with the help of weekly plyometric training as compared to the control group. The research was carried out at the School no. 190 between 20 February and 17 June 2017. In order to conduct the experimental research, 42 athlete subjects of both genders, aged 11 to 13 years, were investigated. The experimental group was made up of 20 athletes, members of the Municipal Sports Club in Bucharest. The control group included 22 athlete subjects of both genders, who were trained by other coaches. Both groups performed four training sessions per week for 17 weeks. Analysing the results of the experiment, we can conclude that plyometric workouts contribute to the development of lower body strength in preadolescent athletes.
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Authors:
Magdalena
BUGHIRICĂ-GEORGESCU
Abstract:
Disorders of the osteo-musculo-articular system represents one of the most frequent pathological manifestations, both in terms of morbidity and economical costs. Therefore it is necessary an assessment of level of physical development and health status, based on medical examinations of physical balance in children from school communities. For this purpose, the initial evaluation of children by physiotherapists, through various tests and measurements specific for physical therapy, has a fundamental role in order to detect those with deficiencies (Lafond et al., 2007). The appreciations are made in conjunction with the data collected from medical records, and with the information about social and family context of respective subjects. The purpose of the study is to draw attention to the incidence of spinal postural impairments, within the same age group, and to its possible consequences for the adolescence and adulthood. In the context of medical recovery, physiotherapy plays a vital role in restoring the functionality potential of people with different conditions of incapacity. The study was carried out during the time of children's evaluation at the beginning of the 2019 school year. The research included 75 children aged 11-14 from Special Middle School No. 3 in Bucharest. The methods used are: method of bibliographic study, observation, method of evalution, and recording of data and graphical presentation. From the 75 children evaluated, 70.67% had static vertebral disorders. The author consider that the school population is currently at risk of spinal disorders associated with sedentarism and abnormal body postures in both static and dynamic activities.
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Authors:
Carmen-Magdalena
CAMENIDIS
, Irina
BĂIȚEL
, Amalia
OATU
, Octavian
AMZULESCU
, Radu
BIDIUGAN
Abstract:
The objective of this case study is to observe the existence of an anticipation mechanism at the muscle groups level of the upper limbs. We tried to highlighted this anticipation process by measuring the potential of surface electric for some muscle groups representing the kinematic chain on the right side, involved in the motor action of catching a basketball and a 3kg medicine ball with two hands to the chest. We conducted a case study of a 13-year-old child, female gender. As a measurement method, we used surface electromyography signals of the EMG Trigno Delsys wireless system with 16 electrodes. We determined the moment when the muscles come into action by increasing the potential of surface electric and the moment when the action of catching the ball takes place, using the information provided by the accelerometers incorporated in the sensors of the Delsys equipment used. Therefore, we obtained information about how different muscle groups come into action which helped us to get an idea of how the child's movement is structured. Based on results of accelerations and EMG signals acquired we have formulated conclusions regarding the neuromuscular control of the tested subject. We also planned for the future to test a larger group of participants in the study research of anticipation mechanism in children who do not practice any performance sports.
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Authors:
Ștefania
CHIRIAC
, Silvia
TEODORESCU
, Aura
BOTA
Abstract:
The aim of the research is to establish the level of some psychomotor abilities by determining the rhythmic gymnasts' capability to perform apparatus-specific technical skills within the composition of their routines, according to the provisions of the 2017-2020 Code of Points. The Wireless training timer (Witty) testing equipment was used to assess relevant types of speed in junior rhythmic gymnasts. The reaction time, execution time and travel speed time were measured in similar technical conditions or close to those encountered in training and competitions. The 14 gymnasts included in the research, aged between 13 and 15 years, are part of the National Olympic Centre for juniors in Arad, all being enrolled in the preparatory stage of training. The analysis of the data from both static and dynamic tests established a referential for the forms of speed to be enhanced by means of apparatus-specific technical routines. Results provide interesting information on the average values, inter-individual differences and homogeneity-related issues (which are relevant especially for gymnasts performing in the group event). The key features of these data, as well as previous analysis of junior routines for the 2017-2020 Olympic cycle, have led us to the conclusion that, in order to get a high score for apparatus difficulty/mastery, more difficulty elements should be added, which requires an increase in all kinds of speed involved by the technique of a specific event.
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Authors:
Denisa
ENESCU BIERU
, Mihai Robert
RUSU
, Mirela Lucia
CALINA
, Mihnea Ion
MARIN
, Nilüfer
ÇETİȘLİ KORKMAZ
, Ligia
RUSU
Abstract:
Background: Understanding the brain function and how it coordinate the motor activity, means to have a map of brain using a lot of modern technologies which can give us information about the role and functions of different brain areas.
Objective: The aim of our study is to explore the brain activity using electroencephalography (EEG) and make the evaluation of differences in brain functions depend on specific sport activity. Methods: We make the study on two lots of athletes from judo (12subjects) and volleyball (11subjects), yrs. 22. All of them have a great sport activity experience and the anthropometric characteristics are similar. For recording the brain activity we use Nihon EEG product. The protocol of the research includes recording of brain activity during muscle contraction and relax of hand flexors. The parameters that we follow up are alpha1, alpha2 and theta waves. The information have been analysed using statistic methods and Pearson coefficient. Judo players present a little bit increase values of theta waves and we observe also a correlation between alpha waves for dominant hemisphere. For the second lot the values of theta waves are highest. Conclusions: Analyse the behaviour of EEG waves could help the trainer and staff for approach the training results in term of build the brain and motor pattern. This is the result of professional approach of training based on neurophysiologic assessment using the brain mapping.
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Authors:
Alexandra-Camelia
GLIGA
, Nicolae
NEAGU
, Dan-Alexandru
SZABO
Abstract:
During the assessment process diachronically conceived in the initial, dynamic, and final stages, data recording is often performed by instrumental measurement using the goniometer. In Romania, the logistics equipment - hardware and software - has a very low or even absent incidence in the conceptual and applicative design of kinetic rehabilitation programmes. Some disadvantages of universal goniometry are revealed by relatively accurate measurements, given that the testing instrument may provide erroneous data when the specific rules are not followed. Moreover, the tester's interpretation of angular values may vary; therefore, in order to objectify and validate the specific assessment and evaluation, we propose a precise angular motion measurement device called Kinesimeter, assisted by specific Labview software designed at the Human Movement Science Discipline of "George Emil Palade" University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu MureÅŸ. Our purpose was to compare the results and interpret the differences arising from the use of two specific assessment methods for the shoulder range of motion. Thus, the values recorded by two physiotherapists using the manual goniometer were compared with the values recorded with the Kinesimeter. In order to validate the results, we calculated statistical parameters such as correlation and significance. We strongly believe that the proposed hardware and software device for measuring, controlling, and analysing shoulder movements can become a modern performing tool needed by each rehabilitation institution, having a dual role - investigative and monitoring of a rehabilitation programme - both extremely important, additional to current measurements with the goniometer.
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Authors:
Oana
IONESCU
, Mariana
CORDUN
, Mario
Di CARLO
Abstract:
Any child may encounter learning difficulties at some time, but they are usually overcome due to the support and encouragement provided by parents and the educational establishments where children are enrolled depending on their age (kindergarten, school). The notion of children with special educational needs (SEN) is used to describe a category of people with learning problems in relation to age or with a handicap/ a disability/ an impairment compared to most of the population. For children with SEN, the intervention through kinetic means represents an effective therapy that can be equally used by parents and teachers in order to facilitate the integration of these children into mainstream education. The purpose of this paper is to carry out a bibliographic study regarding the improvement of the quality of life in children with SEN by applying specific kinetic means that consist of physical exercise and massage, but also by the intervention of other types of therapy, depending on the disability of each subject. Individualisation of physical activities is a general principle applicable to all participants and especially to people with SEN who suffer from various conditions. In conclusion, we claim that the beneficial effects of the movement performed in any form and in any context are undeniable for any child but particularly for those with SEN.
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Authors:
Daniel-Andrei
IORDAN
, Mircea-Dan
MOCANU
, Claudiu
MEREUTA
Abstract:
The consolidation of topspin, the most prolific technical & tactical element in the attack's area, requires, besides the daily training and efficient biomechanics, an optimal health of the osteo-articular and muscular system, due to the fact that the performance of this element requires forceful speed developed throughout the muscle chain. The purpose of the present scientific research is to identify the problems occurred at spine level resulted following to topspin attack and the importance of this technical element in the female junior's performance. The social enquiry-based survey was conducted on a number of 27 coaches and athletes, using a number of 15 questions. Objectives: optimization of topspin attack in 11-12 years old female juniors. Premises: the knowledge on statistics of spine specific areas generating pain at the time of the attack will allow us to create a postural correction program meant to optimize performance. Research methods: The registration method was based on an opinion poll, on a statistical and mathematical method, on computer graphics method. Conclusion: around 78% of the interviewed specialists consider that the lumbar area is the most affected and predisposed to pain in case of topspin, existing a strong correlation between it and the technical element considered to be the most important in the attack phase (topspin — 66.67%) in female juniors, p = 0.003 < α = 0.05, V = 0.620 and C = 0.659.
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Authors:
Corina
IVAN
, Corina
CIOLCĂ
, Adina Andreea
DREVE
Abstract:
The pathology of autism dates back to the 1900s, being framed within the broad sphere of neuropsychological conditions. So far, the autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has passed through various pathologies, from socio-emotional disorders to schizophrenic disorders. The clear distinction between childhood autism and childhood schizophrenia was only made in the early 1980s. ASD is one of the most common invasive developmental disorders; defined as a neurological condition characterised by a distortion in the overall development of a person, it affects 1 in 150 children and 4 to 5 boys per girl. The autistic triad brings together qualitative anomalies in social interactions (in verbal and nonverbal communication), restricted interests and stereotypes. The 1980s and 1990s highlight the role of behavioural therapy and the use of highly controlled learning environments as a primary treatment for the forms of autism and related conditions. Promising studies on the role of oxytocin or certain amino acids involved in neurotransmission, especially in regulating stress and its emotional consequences, are currently in progress. Until now, the two therapies have remained primordial along with physical therapy and speech therapy. The purpose of this paper is to present some of the means that can contribute to the pre-integration of children in mainstream education, being also a starting point for future applied research. At the same time, the paper is helpful for the parents of children with ASD, who are given the opportunity to work themselves in the absence of a specialist or financial possibilities.
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Authors:
Mihaela
PUIU
, Andrei
DRAGOMIR
Abstract:
In executing aerobic gymnastics technical elements, a high level of explosive power is needed, especially at lower-body muscle groups. In addition, to maintain the specific effort during routine length (1 min 30 s - 1 min 45 s), an optimal development of specific endurance training and a high capacity of focusing is required, in order to execute the technical elements with accuracy. The purpose of this study was to elaborate a testing protocol to evaluate the physical effort capacity necessary to perform specific technical elements in aerobic gymnastics. The proposed testing protocol, is aimed at assessing neuromuscular behavior of lower-body muscle action and the physiological demands, in a maximal vertical jump test (MVJ). The neuromuscular assessment of the of lower-body was achieved by measuring the specific vertical jump parameters, respectively the power in the take-off phase (P) and the height of the jump (JH). The testing protocol consisted of three sets of maximum vertical jumps, lasting 30 s each, with a 15 s rest time between sets. For the physiological demands, as a result of test implementation, heart rate (HR) and the blood lactate concentration (La) were measured. The study was conducted on a group of 13 junior level gymnasts, 7 females and 6 males (aged 14-16 years, average height 163 SD 8.1 cm, average weight 50.69 SD 8.47 kg). The results of this study confirm the proposed methodology reflects an objective view of the physical training status necessary for specific effort accomplishment in aerobic performance gymnastics.
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Authors:
Monica
STĂNESCU
, Gabriela
TOMESCU
Abstract:
The paper aims to make a systematic analysis of the literature that addresses the relationship between dance and multiple intelligences in order to identify the main theoretical aspects that underpin the design and implementation of educational interventions for institutionalised children to learn dance. This category of children is a permanent concern for specialists in the field of education sciences who are interested in finding the most effective methods and means of training that can support the educational and institutional efforts for the social integration of these children. Following the review of the literature provided by the main databases, a correspondence was made between the types of intelligence described by Gardner (1983) and the effects of dance on these intelligence modalities. The bibliographic analysis had as organisational criteria: multiple intelligences, dance, children at risk and the effects of dance on their growth and development. The correlative analysis has revealed a number of dance characteristics susceptible to have a positive influence on different types of intelligence and can serve as benchmarks in the interdisciplinary design of dance activities in general and dancesport in particular. As a result, the theoretical model presented in this paper represents a methodological benchmark for the implementation of enhanced programmes for the personal development of institutionalised children and the creation of additional conditions for their school and social integration.
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Authors:
Ana-Maria
ȘURUBA-RUSEN (VASILIU)
, Daniela
MURĂREȚU
, Daniel Constantin
MURĂREȚU
, Răzvan-Liviu
PETRE
, Marian Daniel
TEODORU
Abstract:
The present research is based on the theory developed in 1983 by the American psychologist Howard Gardner, according to which people possess eight distinct types of intelligence: verbal/ linguistic, mathematical/ logical, visual/ spatial, bodily/ kinesthetic, rhythmic/ musical, interpersonal, intrapersonal, naturalist. The way these multiple intelligences are combined differentiates us as humans, for example, in school, students react differently. Some students are more interested in learning, some are not. This may be due to different types of intelligence. Our research aims to highlight the dominant types of intelligence for second year students, depending on which teachers can adapt their teaching methods. The research was carried out over a period of 3 weeks. The participants in the research are 111 romanian students from National University of Physical Education and Sports, out of which 42 are female and 69 are male. The research methods used are: scientific documentation, questionnaire-based survey (multiple intelligences test was applied), statistical-mathematical method, graphical method. The results of the research provide us important data to see to what extent kinesthetic body intelligence is dominant in students practicing sports and what are the other types of intelligence present in athletes. Finding out the dominant types of student's intelligence can provide us important information according to which we can adapt our teaching methods. Thus, we can conduct our didactic activity in an attractive manner, in which the potential of students is not wasted and feel motivated to learn and evolve in a traditional classroom.
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Authors:
Virgil
TUDOR
, Florin
PELIN
, Gabriel Iulian
GHITESCU
, Alina-Daniela
MOANTA
, Vasilica
GRIGORE
, Iozsef
HIDI
, Ana-Maria
MUJEA
, Daniel
HARCAU
, Robert
NOSAL
, Dinu
ONITA
, Costinel Dorian
VASILICA
, Ionut Bogdan
RADOI FULGA
, Martian-Flavius
LEPA
, Artur
SCHVANER
, Dezideriu Bogdan
STETZ
, Marius Leon
MUTHI
Abstract:
This paper aims to identify the somatic and functional profile of middle-school students from three areas of Romania (South-West, West and North-West). A group of 364 students (173 girls and 191 boys) aged between 10 and 16 years (12.75 ± 1.2) from 6 different schools in Mehedinti, Caras-Severin and Bistrita-Nasaud counties took part in this study. The target group category includes Roma ethnic students, students from disorganised families and students at high risk of early school dropout, from both urban and rural areas. The calculated statistical indicators were: arithmetic mean, standard deviation, coefficient of variation and Pearson coefficient. The anthropometric measurements made to identify the somatic and functional profile of students were height, weight, BMI, arm span and Ruffier test. The results show an upward trend in the height of boys aged between 10 (1.44 m) and 16 years (1.67 m), the maximum value recorded for girls aged 14 years being 1.59 m. The highest value of body weight was identified in boys aged 15 years (58.91 kg) and girls aged 14 years (52.63 kg). The highest value for arm span was found for 15-years-old boys (167 cm) and 14-years-old girls (158.83 cm). BMI values for both boys and girls were between 17.22 and 21.52 points. In Ruffier test, the scores obtained by students ranged between 9.95 and 13.4. This research is part of the "Sustainable social and education integration through sport activities" project (PNP001).
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Authors:
Gabriel
TUDORACHE
, Liliana
MIHĂILESCU
Abstract:
The fairness and efficiency of the learning - teaching process result from the behaviour changes of the designed activity. If the evaluation of the behaviour in a psychomotric way in physical education implies probes and tests where the running timing, number of repetitions the long jump, the evaluation of the psychosocial approaches can be done through the means of some tests which combine the students motricity with the survey on students, with the aim of finding out the social involvement level of each student. The experimental research emphasises the way the tests are handed, under the influence of motor activities for the 2nd form students, in three different schools in Arges. The former test, following Zlate Mielu model, aims at the assessment of the training/ development/ education level of the personality features through the learning of every individual psychosocial profile. The latter test is illustrative of Zapan Gheorghe method and implies the examining of objective appreciation capacity concerning the right way of performing all the exercises and the student capacity of obeying the rules. Through the means of these two tests the students social behaviour is assessed on the grownd of each students the feedback provided by the emotion received or sent to the students. As a result of this research, we concluded that the psychosocial approaches were included in a prosocial behaviour, each and every student being able to show safety and self - confidence in their own psychomotric prospective, as well as fairness regarding their collegues potential quality.
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